N - n

na₁   particle. Indicates that the situation or action described is viewed as being already in process. Often translatable in a positive clause as: now, already; in a negative clause as: no longer, any more. . Amoleꞌ na kami. We are now going home. Bay dangan du ataꞌu, aheka na ataꞌu. Only one knew of it, now a lot know. Mbal na sakit pamaliyu. It is no longer very windy. linkset: giꞌ, paꞌin₅.

na₂   conj. Introduces a paragraph; often translatable as: so, so then, now, then, now then. Minsan kita atulak, tinaggahan. Sinohoꞌ pinuwas giꞌ bay nahas, mbal kita. Bang ma dilaut apōng taruk, ageseꞌ leha. Na sinemet kita. Even on the point of leaving, we are held back and told to let the effects of some misfortune pass, but we are unwilling. Out at sea, the mast breaks and the sail rips. So the ancestors have got back at us. . Na, paggaꞌ halam sīnnu, subay ka magpaꞌata ma aku. Alright, since you have no money, you had better work for me as an unpaid servant. cf.: manjari, magtūy.

na   pron. He, she, it; his, her, its. Third person singular pronoun. Occurs as unfocused Actor or Agent, or as Possessor. Aheya sakkina. His sickness is severe. Bay aku binuwanan sangpūꞌ pilak heꞌna. I was given ten pesos by him. Arak angandāg mampallam, sagōꞌ mbal taꞌabutna. He would have climbed the mango tree, but he couldn't reach it. link: ku.

na paꞌin   adv. Ongoing; continually; always. Mahēꞌ na paꞌin kami. There we were, without change. . Nihabit ondeꞌ-ondeꞌ, binowa na paꞌin eꞌ inaꞌna. The child is held close, always carried about by its mother. .

nabal₁   n. A navy vessel. Category:  Sea-going vessels.

nabal₂   n. (See kahanga-nabal). Category: Shellfish. Strombus spp..

nabi   n. A religious prophet. .

Nabi Muhammad   n. The Prophet Muhammad.

nakuraꞌ   1 • n. A person in charge; a boss; a captain. Category: Person in authority. linkset: bōs, kapala, kapatas, mandul, pagbebeyaꞌan, mundaꞌ₁, makōk, mete-mete, pagmundaꞌan.

2 • v. AStat pag-. To exercise authority over. Bay niakkalan eꞌna dok supaya iya ya makapagnakuraꞌ ma Siasi. He tricked them so that he would be the one to hold power over Siasi. Gram: AStat. pag-

naelon   Variant: naylon. n. Nylon line. linkset: tiyangsiꞌ, tondaꞌ₂.

naga   1 • n. A mythical dragon which is said to swallow the moon during an eclipse, but which can be compelled to disgorge it by the beating of gongs; a snake spirit which may locate itself in a human body and bring about the ill health and ultimately the death of his nearest relatives. Anakna kamemon waꞌi kinakan heꞌ naga. All of his children have been consumed by the naga spirit. Note: SKR naga 'a class of creatures, half human, half serpent.'

2 • adj. -in-. Made ill by a dragon spirit living in a near relative. Buwat aꞌa ninaga, ya botong maka giyagayna ginantung, tinigbasan boꞌ alaꞌan saki. Like a person made ill by a dragon spirit, a young coconut and its dried flower is hung up, then slashed to remove the illness. . Category: Disease. Gram: ni-

3 • v. AStat pag-. To go and live in deep water, of a large sea snake which no longer lives near the shelter of rocks and becomes dragonlike.

nahanat   n. A deceased person, a word used to avoid naming someone recently dead. synonyms: aymulla.

nahas   1 • n. Misadventure or adversity; any adverse event that makes it necessary to stop certain activities such as travelling or fishing. Minsan kita atulak, tinaggahan. Sinohoꞌ pinuwas giꞌ bay nahas, mbal kita. Bang ma dilaut apōng taruk, ageseꞌ leha. Na sinemet kita. Even on the point of leaving, we are held back and told to let the effects of some misfortune pass, but we are unwilling. Out at sea, the mast breaks and the sail rips. So the ancestors have got back at us. . This event can be something such as an accident or a death, or simply something that is inconvenient as to timing, like the birth of a child. Such an event makes itself known either by the appearance of an omen or by intuition. It is considered dangerous to ignore a nahas. cf.: nasa.

2 • adj. ka-..-an. Experiencing fortune or misfortune through the occurrence of some event elsewhere. The usual connotation is of misfortune. Bang aniyaꞌ magkaꞌat ai-ai ma parawbi, kanahasan ka. When something is ruined, like on your canoe, you are the victim of some misfortune (possibly elsewhere). Boꞌ kita magpakaꞌāꞌ daing aheka, “Kanahasan sigā,” yuk kaseheꞌ. If we happen to catch a great many fish, others say, "They are enjoying good luck." Magkanasahan du iya. He will troubled by things going on elsewe\hre. Gram: ka--an

nahoꞌ-nahoꞌ   v. AStat pag-. To assume a status or position without authority. Buwat si Mommeꞌ maghinang tinapay halam bay sinohoꞌ heꞌku. Magnahoꞌ-nahoꞌ iya maghinang. It's like Momme making bread without me telling her to. She is taking it on herself to make it. Magnahoꞌ-nahoꞌ iya ma deyom lahat, magwakil-wakil di-na saliꞌ boꞌ nggaꞌi ka iya bay gīllal. He makes himself a person of status in the district, authorises himself, even though he is not the one who has been appointed. link: laku-laku.

nahu   1 • n. Mental capacity; thought processes. Minsan ahāp nahuku boꞌ halam aniyaꞌ akkalku, alaꞌat. Though my intellect is fine, if I am not shrewd it is not good. . Category: Think.

2 • v. AO-1. To have knowledge of someone. . Sai anganahu aku makanahu isāb ma mmaꞌku. Whoever knows me will be able to know my father as well.

nahut   adj. a-. Small in cross-section, as rope or line; to be small in size, as mesh of net; to be small, as pieces of a whole. Subay pangayakan anahut-nahut mꞌnnitu. It needs to be a sieve finer than this. Gram: a- link: dikiꞌ; antonym: aslag₁.

naik-saksiꞌ   v. AStat pag-. To bear witness; to testify. cf.: sabꞌnnal.

najal   1 • n. A vow or promise made to God or to some person of high rank. link: subahat.

2 • v. AOS-1. To fulfill a vow made to a supernatural being on behalf of some need (as Object). Ninajalan anakku ni Tuhan. Bang sõng amatay ondeꞌ-ondeꞌ, boꞌ taꞌabut heꞌ tambal maka tawal subay kita magnajal. I make a vow to God on behalf of my children. When a child is close to death but responds in time to medicine and healing charms, we should fulfill a vow. Category: Utter. Gram: AOS-2 cf.: suhul₁.

najaꞌ   n. A dire misfortune or disaster, especially illness, from which one escapes. Bay kami kalabayan najaꞌ. Aniyaꞌ najaꞌ atꞌkka piꞌitu saliꞌ saki bonglay. We have experienced disaster. A disaster came here, an epidemic illness. . link: balaꞌ.

nalkaꞌ   n. Hell, the place where the wicked are sent in the afterworld. Bang alaꞌat bay hinangta tinaꞌadjil kita, pinallawan kita mahēꞌ ma ahirat, pinaꞌaluꞌan. Pinahēꞌ kita ni nalkaꞌ. Bang ahāp pinahēꞌ ni deyom sulgaꞌ. If our deeds are bad we will be exposed to the elements, put out in the sun there in the afterworld, subjected to the dew, sent to hell. If we are good we will be sent to heaven. cf.: sulgaꞌ, jahannam.

nanam   1 • n. A sensory reaction, particularly through taste or smell; awareness of a sickness. . Nanam ahaluꞌ. Salung ahaluꞌ toꞌongan. Smelling of decay. By tomorrow it will be fully rotten.

2 • adj. a-. Tasty. Bang aku amꞌlla daing ananam, tananamta ahāp. When I cook tasty fish we can smell that it is good. . Gram: a-

3 • v. AO-1. To sense or experience something. Bang aku atuli saliꞌ aku alipat. Minsan aku nilagut atawa sinuntuk mbal tananam. When I sleep it's like I'm right out to it. Even if I am slashed or punched I don't notice it. A: “Ai nanamnu ma barannu.” B: “Apꞌddiꞌ bꞌttongku.” A: "What do you feel in your body?" B: "My stomach is sore." Sinugpakan kita eꞌ mattoꞌata. Yuk-iꞌ, “Nā, kaꞌa bay lāngku, mbal ameyaꞌmeyaꞌ. Nā nanamun na.” Our parents tell us we have ourselves to blame. They say, "There, I told you not to and you wouldn't heed. Now find out what it's like." Bay kam pinananaman kalingantuwan. You have been made to experience times of hunger. Gram: ASite pa- linkset: kinam, lapa₁, sabi₂, timtim, ssa₂.

nanaꞌ   n. Pus. Bang kinalibubut si Idjahari aheka nanaꞌ. When Idjahari gets boils there is a lot of pus. cf.: dꞌnnat, sagu.

nanuꞌ   v. AStat. pag-. To swing standing up. Gram: AStat. pag- link: dundang₁.

nangkaꞌ   n. The jackfruit. Duwansalik nangkaꞌ, aniyaꞌ nangkaꞌ tignus, aniyaꞌ nangkaꞌ loyaꞌ. Two segments of jackfruit. There is the tignus variety and the loya' variety. Category: Fruit tree. Artocarpus heterophyllus. specific: loyaꞌ, tignus.

napaka   v. AStat. pag-. To provide the necessities for people who are members of one's household. . Gram: AStat. pag-

napas   1 • n. Breath. cf.: ppoꞌ; synonyms: hinansong.

2 • v. AStat. pag-. To breathe. Halam na magnapas, amatay na. He's not breathing, he's dead. Gram: AStat. pag-

napsu   1 • n. A strong desire for something; appetite; lust. Aniyaꞌ napsu ahāp, aniyaꞌ napsu alaꞌat. There are good desires and bad desires. cf.: tawad.

2 • adj. a-/-an. Excessively desirous of anything, as for a particular food, for sexual relations outside of marriage. Atawad, saliꞌ anapsu. Bay na magsulut ati niamuꞌ giꞌ. Greedy for more, sort of lustful. They've already reached agreement but more is asked for. Gram: a-/-an linkset: bahaya, hangsaw, hawa, sawiya, sayap-sayap.

3 • v. AO-3. To desire something strongly, as a woman may during the conception period, or someone who has been deprived of sweet foods. . Bang angiram hꞌndanu boꞌ aniyaꞌ kanapsuhanna, subay bꞌllinu. If your wife is conceiving and longs for anything, you should buy it. . Gram: AO-2

4 • v. AStat pag-. To be jealously desirous of something which another owns. Gram: AStat. pag-

napsu-kabasiꞌ   n. An indiscriminate desire.

napsu-sawiya   n. A compelling or uncontrollable desire.

nasa   1 • n. A presentiment of some significant event. . Bay aku waꞌi kaut boꞌ halam makaꞌāꞌ ai-ai, bay maganak hꞌndaku. Taluwaꞌ nasa aku. I was away fishing but not catching anything, my wife had given birth. I had been sent a portent. cf.: nahas.

2 • v. AStat. pag-. To warn of impending trouble. Bang kita angusaha kaut ati yukta niangay mbal sinōd bubuta, ya heꞌ pagnasahan. Aniyaꞌ asaki ma lumaꞌ. When we are working at sea and we say, why have no fish gone into our trap, that is a sign of trouble. Someone at home is sick.

nasib   v. AO-2. To sing a chant during a religious ceremony. . Imam inān amassa tawbat kupul, aku itū anganasib, kahekaꞌan inān angamin. The mosque leader reads the sermon on forgiveness for presumption, I sing the chant, the congregation says amen. . Gram: AO-2

nasihat   v. AOS-1. To proclaim something publicly, of an announcement of general interest, of a message with religious or moral import. Gram: AOS-2 linkset: pablek.

nataꞌ   v. ASite pa-. To appear to someone in bodily form, of a being normally invisible. . Mbal panataꞌ ni kita bang kita ma deyom asayu. It won't appear to us while we are conscious. Agtūy dī magnataꞌ baranna. He himself promptly appeared in person. Gram: ASite pa-

naylon   n. A nylon line.

nāꞌ   v. AO-1. To take, get or fetch something. Nāꞌun na. Take it now. Nāꞌanta ka. I will get it for you.

nda   1 • n. A wife.

2 • v. AStat. pag-. To take a wife; to marry (of a man).

ndang   adj. zero. Well-used; old, of things. Gram: zero linkset: bahal, longaꞌ.

ndaꞌ   v. AO-1. To see or look for something. Halam aniyaꞌ taꞌndaꞌku, luwal sꞌggit. I can't see anything, only rubbish. Category: See. Gram: AO-1 cf.: piha.

ndaꞌ kutu   v. AO-1. To delouse; to look for lice in hair.

ndaꞌ-ndaꞌ   v. AStat aN-. To watch; to be a spectator. cf.: tꞌntong₁.

ndeꞌ   v. AOS-1. To return something to its proper place. Ndeꞌin payung itū pehē ni si Linda. Take the umbrella back to Linda. Gram: AOS-2 link: tūd₁.

ndiya   Variant: dia. v. zero. To give or hand something to speaker. [Only with Object focus and as an imperative.] . Ndiya taumpaꞌ ilū. Give me those shoes. Diya na sīn, Otoꞌ. Hand me the money, Son. sense collection: sōng₁.

nduk   v. AO-1. To draw water. Gram: AO-1

ndūꞌ   excl. Indicates tender emotions such as sympathy, affection, entreaty. cf.: anduꞌ-anduꞌ, aseꞌ.

ndūꞌ kailu   excl. Exclamation of pity or concern.

neneng-neneng   voc n. Affectionate term of address to a woman; sweetheart. Category: Address terms. cf.: nnong; link: arung.

neskape   n. Instant coffee. link: kahawa.

nē   excl. Expression of scorn or derision.

nēs-nēs   (See kanēs-nēs).

ni₁   preposition. Indicates direction or motion away, generally translatable as: to, towards, into, in, until. Palanjal ka ni tꞌngngaꞌ. Proceed to the middle (of the house). Isihun ni bulsanu. Put it into your pocket. Min subu-subu ni kakohapan. From morning until afternoon. link: ma; cf.: pa.

ni₂   aux. particle. Agentive particle; by the agency of. Aniyaꞌ aꞌa bay nilembo ni saitan tahik. Someone was drowned by a sea demon. Taloson kita ni sꞌllog alandos bang kita mbal abanog. We get swept away by strong currents when we are not under sail. Minsan du maglinggayuꞌ na ni karuꞌ, mbal na paꞌin atuli. Even though he moves restlessly due to drowsiness, he doesn't sleep. synonyms: eꞌ.

nibung   n. A cluster of houses, typically separated by an access channel. link: lūng.

nikiꞌ-nikiꞌ   Variant: niknik. n. Any tiny object or insect.

niknik   n. Any tiny object or insect.

niggang   n. A cake of pan-roasted cassava or sago meal formed by tossing the meal while pan-roasting it, in contrast to the more usual cooking technique which involves turning the meal with a ladle. Category: Sweetmeats. synonyms: tinompeꞌ.

nilastung   n. Superficial infection and whitening of the skin around the nails; abnormal whitening of the hair. . Minsan iya abataꞌ giꞌ, aheka nilastungna. Even though she is still young, she has many grey hairs. Paronychia.

nilesseg   v. AStat pag-. To sit flat with buttocks and thighs flat on floor. Magnilesseg, basta buliꞌta parꞌdda. Sitting right down, when the buttocks are flat on the floor.

nintil   adj. a-. Lightly built or loaded, as a canoe which floats high in the water; slightly built, of a person's physique (for some speakers). . Anintil-nintil pelang, alanggung, alanga pagūnganna. Minsan atã hēꞌ taꞌndaꞌta na paꞌin. The canoe rides high in the water, buoyant, high in the way it floats. Even from distance we continue to see it. Anintil pahāp dꞌnda inān, saliꞌ angayog, saliꞌ arikiꞌ pamarananna. That woman is slender, sort of skinny, of small physique. . Gram: a- link: lampung.

nipaꞌ   n. The nipa palm, the leaflets of which provide a moderately durable material used for roofing and for woven hats. . Ya kagunahan nipaꞌ nihinang kadjang. Sani hal atop lumaꞌ. The use of nipa is to make awnings. Sani is for house thatch only. Category: Palms, banana. Nipa fruticans. cf.: sani, tigul.

nipis   adj. a-. Thin, of flat items such as paper, cloth, a plank. Gram: a- antonym: kapal; cf.: nipnip, kagkag.

nipnip   adj. a-. Thin, as the cutting edge of a knife. Gram: a- cf.: nipis, kagkag.

Nispu   n. The eighth month of the Islamic year, the month in which Sulu Muslims remember their dead and tend their graves. Category: Month. synonyms: Saban, Taitiꞌ.

nituꞌ   n. The climbing fern vine; scrambling fern. . Category: Vines, creepers. Lygodium sp.. cf.: etoꞌ-etoꞌ.

niyat   1 • n. A fixed state of mind, connoting a definite intention to do something or accept some situation. In niyat subay tatampan. A definite commitment should be protected. . link: angut.

2 • v. AO-1. To regard something as being real or actualised. . Niniyat anak bilibili inān saliꞌ anakna mussaꞌ. He regarded that lamb as his favorite child. Mbal na kami magniyat in kami allum pabīng. We are not certain that we shall live again. Gram: AStat. pag-

3 • v. AO-2. To confirm someone in a responsibility. Kaniyatan buwat si Kokran. Ai-ai panohoꞌan iya heꞌ saga aꞌa mareyom Nasuliꞌ, ya hēꞌ hinangna. Confirmed in his job, like Cochran. Whatever the people of Nasuli tell him to do, that's what he does.

niyaꞌ₁   adj. a-. Fined for an offence. Dꞌnda ya makaniyaꞌ ma aku. It was a woman that caused me to be fined. Kaniyaꞌan koꞌ kaꞌa ilu, ataksil. You are going to be fined, you are liable.

niyaꞌ₂   1 • v. AState a-. To exist; to be present. Aniyaꞌ hꞌndaku. I have a wife (lit. exists my-wife). Halam aniyaꞌ daing ma lumaꞌ. There is no fish in the house. Nsaꞌ aniyaꞌ bayan kami. We have no transportation. Gram: AStat. a- cf.: tiyaꞌ, jari₁.

2 • adj. ka-..-an. Benefitted by; favored with. Like when someone's giving out, that house there is given some things, that other one gets nothing. So the one is not benefitted, is not reached.

3 • v. AStat pa-. To come into existence; to happen. Ai sababna angkan paniyaꞌ kalaꞌatan? What is the reason that evil has occurred? Gram: AStat. pa-

niyug   n. The coconut palm (not classified by Sama as a kind of tree). . Category: Palms, banana. Cocos nucifera. cf.: salirap; part: langkay, bagaybay, etang-etang, paipaꞌ₂, giyagay, lokay₁, langkan-langkan, lahing, bōt, peyaꞌ, banut, lurang, tabul₂; synonyms: salokaꞌ.

Niyusilan   n. New Zealand.

nnaꞌ   v. AOS-1. To place something; to store something. Nnaꞌun toꞌongan ma deyom ataynu. Really keep it inside your liver (i.e. remember it well). Lungkarun deyom baꞌul ēꞌ, kalu ilu masi bay nīnnaꞌnu ēꞌ. Have a good look inside that box, perhaps what you put away is still there. Gram: AOS-1 link: tauꞌ.

nne   n. A species of small centipede. Category:  Insects . link: lalipan.

nnek   n. A species of fish. Category: Saltwater fish.

nned   v. AStat aN-. To stretch oneself on waking. Gram: AStat. aN- link: hitad.

nneng   voc n. 1 • Address to eldest sister. Category: Address terms. link: arung.

2 • Address by man to his wife. .

nneꞌ   voc n. Address to a young woman or girl. link: arung.

nnom   num. (clitic). Six.

nnong   voc n. Address by man to his wife. Category: Address terms. cf.: neneng-neneng.

nnu   adj. a-. Setting teeth on edge; reacting to insects crawling on skin. .

nōtbūk   n. A notebook; a workbook. cf.: būk₂, kitab.

nsaꞌ   neg. There is none; none. Negates existential statements and statements with a main verb in the Aptative mode (marked by maka-, ta-, or ka-) when these assert that something has happened. Also used eliptically in response to either of the above used as a question. Nsaꞌ kami bay makalanjal. We didn't proceed on our way. A: “Endang, bay na kasapuhannu lantay?” B: “Nsaꞌ.” A: "Endang, did you sweep the floor?" B: "No." link: mbal; synonyms: halam₁.

nsaꞌ-biddaꞌ   adj. zero. No difference; non-selective. synonyms: mꞌssaꞌ-biddaꞌ.

nsoꞌ   adj. a-. Flowing or rising of tide. Category: Tide. Gram: a-

nsꞌllan   1 • n. Oil; fat, especially fat in a liquid form.

2 • v. AStat aN-. To turn into oil, as a melting candle. Gram: AStat. aN-

nsꞌllan gās   n. Kerosene. cf.: gās₂, gasulin.

ntan₁   v. AO-2. To touch or hold something. Daꞌa ntanin itu. Don't touch this one. Gram: AO-2 cf.: balut₁.

ntan₂   n. Customary behaviour or activity, especially when these are a heritage from one's forebears. Ya ntan kami magbubu. Our customary livelihood is catching fish in bubu traps. Waꞌi bay pinalessad min ntanna. He has been deposed from his occupation. cf.: purukan.

ntan₃   n. A ritual ancestor. Mbal manjari tinimanan ntan kami. It is not proper for us discard our ancestors. link: mboꞌ₂.

ntut   v. AStat aN-. To pass or break wind. Gram: AStat aN- cf.: boro-boro₂.

ntꞌllo   1 • n. An egg. Note: The inherited word nt'llo has been partly or completely replaced by iklug in the speech of some CSama speakers. synonyms: iklug₁.

2 • v. AStat aN-. To lay an egg. Gram: AStat. aN-

nu   pron. You, your (sing). Second person singular pronoun. Occurs as unfocused Actor or Agent, or as Possessor. Pahāpun eꞌnu agistadi. Improve the way you study. Angay matanu? What's the trouble with your eye? cf.: kaꞌa, bī; link: ku.

nubu-nubu   v. ASite a-. To gush out from the mouth, as water from a drowned man or cigaret smoke. Gram: ASite a-

nunang   n. A species of tree, the sticky sap of which is used as glue. Category: Trees, shrubs.

nunuk   n. The balete or strangler fig, believed to be the abode of malignant spirits. Nunuk, ya kayu taga-saitan. The balete, the tree that has saitan spirits. Category: Shore tree. Ficus benjamina.

nusa   n. An island with no hills; an atoll. cf.: pūꞌ.

nyala-nyala   adj. zero. Distinctive, of some sound. Gram: zero link: hapal.

nyatakan   adj. ma-. Clearly visible.

nyataꞌ₁   v. AO-1. To see something with one's own eyes. Nyataꞌun konoꞌ saki si L. Please see L's sickness for yourself. Sūng ka konoꞌ. Nyataꞌta ya tampat bay sinuli-suli ma buliꞌ Laminusa. Let's go please. We will see with our own eyes the shrine that is said to be on the back side of Laminusa Island. . Category: See. Gram: AO-1 link: luꞌaw.

nyataꞌ₂   Variant: nataʔ. 1 • v. ASite pa-. To appear to someone in bodily form, of a being normally invisible. . Mbal panataꞌ ni kita bang kita ma deyom asayu. It won't appear to us while we are awake. link: laman.

2 • v. ASite aN-. To become visible. Pauppi ni kita, saliꞌ anganyataꞌ. Appears to us in dream, sort of becomes visible. Agtūy dī magnyataꞌ baranna. His very own body promptly appeared.

nyawa   n. The non-material component of a living creature; the life-principle or spirit. In humans this is the component that survives the death of the body and goes back to God, who supplied it originally. Non-sentient things such as rocks, trees, houses, are also said to have a nyawa. Ai mbal amatay ma baranta? Dakayuꞌ-kayuꞌ nyawa mbal amatay. What is it that does not die in our body? It is the nyawa alone which never dies. Category: Spirits of things. linkset: ginhawa, umanat, umagad, sumangat.

nyawa-lihan   n. The non-material component of the human personality, a component that can detach itself from the body for short periods, as when sleeping or in a trance.

nyuliꞌ   n. A species of parrot, brilliantly plumaged. Category: Bird. generic: agap₁.