I - i

i₁   aux. particle. Indicates singular person. Occurs with proper names and kin terms other than in the vocative. Note: Informal only and for some speakers

ibarat₁   Variant: hibadat. conj. With reference to; for example; by way of illustration. Saliꞌ ibarat kita angahinang paraw. Hinangta suntuꞌan paraw. Suppose for example that we are making a paraw type canoe. We make a paraw pattern. Ibarat kakanaꞌ, apinda walnaꞌ. Like cloth, its color changes. link: dalil₂.

ibarat₂   1 • n. A body of religious duties enjoined on a Muslim by the teachings of the Holy Koran.

2 • v. AStat pag-. To carry out faithfully one's religious duties. link: ammal₁.

ibaꞌ   n. A fruit of the carambola family, sour rather than sweet. Category: Fruit tree. Averrhoa bilimbi. link: balimbing.

ibilis   

ibis   n. The small inshore fish which children catch with a hook and line; not often eaten. Category: Saltwater fish. Puntius spp.

ibu   Note: QU final vowel written long in drafts Variant: ngibu. n. Thousand. Magibu-ibuhan. By the thousand. cf.: laksaꞌ, hatus.

ibud   Variant: ebod. n. The whorl of hair on the crown of one's head. A double whorl is said to be sign that the child will be stubborn and hard to manage. . Category: Head. link: imbun-imbun.

ika   num. Ordinal marker. Attaches to any counting numeral. Ikaꞌnnomna si Abital. Abital was his sixth (son). . Gram: Attaches to any counting numeral

ikat   1 • n. Large swellings which form in the soft tissue of the body, as abscesses, carbuncles or tubercular nodules. link: gulandiꞌ.

2 • adj. -in-. Suffering from large swelling in the soft tissue, as a tumor of the breast.

ikat-liyabod   n. A swelling with a long ridge-like form, typically occurring across the back of the neck.

ikiral   v. ASite aN-. To make a statement to a higher court. Bang mbal kasulutan heꞌ bissala subay angikiral ni Mꞌddas. Paragsol toꞌongan kita ni poꞌon. If talking doesn't bring agreement it should be taken to Siasi. We take the case right to the top. . Gram: ASite aN- link: dagsol.

iklug₁   n. An egg. Ntꞌllo itū tohongan, iklug īꞌ manuk. A turtle egg is nt'llo, a chicken egg is iklug. . synonyms: ntꞌllo.

iklug₂   n. (See muntay-iklug).

ikut   v. AO-1. To take careful note of something; to follow advice. Bang aniyaꞌ saliꞌ panduꞌ mattoꞌa, panduꞌ ni kahāpan, nggaꞌi ka ni kalaꞌatan, subay ikutta. Subay nnaꞌta ma deyom pikilanta. When there is some advice of the elders, advice for good, not for bad, we should heed it. We should store it inside our thinking. Mang aku angindam barena boꞌ kaꞌa ilū mbal amaindam, yukku, “Ikutanta.” When I ask to borrow a drill, but you won't lend it, I say, "I'll keep (your attitude) in mind." Gram: AO-1 link: asip.

idda   v. AO-2. To inform someone about the time of a coming event; to set a time frame. Angagad ka niꞌiddahan. Wait until you're told when to go. Iddahin kita bang pilangꞌllaw. Saliꞌ tutatin aku. Tell us how many days. It's like saying tell me the details. Gram: AO-2 cf.: taratu; linkset: ligtung, ora, tugun, waktu.

iddahan   n. The time set for some event or activity. Iddahannu duwangꞌllaw. Subay Sabtuꞌ boꞌ magtenes, ya hēꞌ pangiddaku ma kaꞌa. Your appointment is two days away. Saturday is when you sing the tenes songs. That's the time I have set for you.

idjin   1 • n. An agent.

2 • v. AStat pag-. To act as an agent for someone. Magidjin aku ma kaꞌa, kaꞌa ya nakuraꞌ. I will act as an agent for you, you are the boss. Gram: AStat. pag-

idjiꞌ   v. AO-1. To mock someone. Gram: AO-1

idlap   1 • v. AO-1. To look at someone for brief periods. Bang aniyaꞌ magbayaꞌ dꞌnda maka lꞌlla, niꞌidlap dꞌnda. When a man and woman are courting, the man glances at the woman. Gram: AO-1

2 • v. ASite pa-. To see something out of the corner of one's eye. Mbal angꞌndaꞌ pabontol, paidlap asal. He doesn't look straight ahead, just naturally looks sideways. . Category: See. Gram: ASite pa- cf.: kullap.

igal   1 • n. A dance in the traditional Sama style. Apolma igalna. Her dancing is graceful. cf.: baila.

2 • v. AStat aN-. To dance a traditional Sama dance, which does not not mix the sexes. Gram: AStat. aN-

igang   n. Compacted coral sand. link: gusung.

iggil   1 • adj. a-. Spitefully jealous of another's good fortune. Gram: a- link: ihid.

2 • v. AO-1. To covet the possessions of another, with connotation of malice. This behavior towards close kin is considered to be very wrong. Saliꞌ aheka altaꞌ ma dangan, niꞌiggil heꞌ dangan, subay ma iya. Like one has lots of wealth, it is coveted by another, he must have it. Gram: AO-1

igira   n. A species of tree, possibly a fig.

igut   n. A projection above the anus, as the coccyx in humans or the fleshy protrusion from which tail feathers grow in birds.

ihid   v. AO-2. To envy someone for his possessions, with connotation of trying to equal him. Niꞌihiran aku ma altaꞌku. Saliꞌ aku kinabꞌnsihan. Buwat si Ignuasi, ai-ai taꞌndaꞌna ma aku, subay iya binꞌllian heꞌ mattoꞌana. I am envied because of my wealth. It's as though I am hated. Ignuasi for example, whatever he sees me having, he must have his parents buy it for him. Gram: AO-2 cf.: goꞌon; linkset: abugguꞌ, iggil, imbū, himugguꞌ, lindi.

ila   1 • n. A birthmark.

2 • adj. -in-. Having a birthmark. It is believed that a child in the womb may become marked during an an eclipse of the moon. Ingga sasuku saga aꞌa abꞌttong subay pinandi ma linsungan dok mbal niꞌila. All pregnant women no matter who should be bathed in a rice mortar so (the baby) will not have a birthmark. Gram: ni-

ilak   n. The striped rudderfish. Category: Saltwater fish. Kyphosus lembus.

Ilanun   n. Maranao or Maguindanao, i.e. either of the Muslim groups of Central Mindanao.

ilat   adj. a-. Cautious of one's personal space; shy about physical contact.

ilaw   1 • n. A light source. link: palitaꞌan.

2 • v. AO-2. To illuminate something. Gram: AO-1

iliꞌ   locative. Indicates remoteness from speaker.

illag   1 • adj. a-. Hard to catch.

2 • v. AO-2. To avoid some threat. Illagin aꞌa inān apa alaꞌat kasuddahanna. Avoid that person because his character is bad. Saliꞌ tigbas; pakꞌppang buwattēꞌ, magtūy alahi angillag. Like the tigbas fish, lies face down thus, then immediately escapes to avoid harm. cf.: liyal.

illap   v. AStat aN-. To flash; glisten. Angillap kulit langohan, magsinglab saliꞌ. The skin of the langohan fish glistens, sort of flashes. Gram: AStat. aN- cf.: inggat; synonyms: kitaw-kitaw.

illat   Variant: ilat. adj. a-. Cautious of one's personal space, as a maiden who will not allow a man to sit close to her. Paillat ka. Daꞌa ka pasekot. Be cautious of your space. Don't go close. Gram: a-

illig   v. AO-1. To drive a group of things into one place, as chickens, fish. Gram: AO-1 cf.: pabuwang, sꞌssol₁.

ilmuꞌ   1 • n. Esoteric or magical knowledge; power from a supernatural source. Bang nilagut boꞌ mbal niōk aniyaꞌ ilmuꞌ. If someone is attacked with a knife but isn't cut, there is supernatural power involved. Bang aniyaꞌ dꞌnda kabayaꞌanta, na lindangta. Bang taluwaꞌ ma ilmuꞌ pangalindanganta mbal makasandal. Lumꞌngngan ni lumaꞌta. If there is a woman we desire, we use a love charm on her. When she is hit by the magical power of our love enchantment, she cannot bear it. She will walk to our house. Category: Esoteric knowledge. cf.: talus₂, alamat₂, hikmat; linkset: alim₁, ingat, langkat-samat, salawat₁.

2 • v. AO-2. To influence someone by the use of magical power. Mbal makabissala, bay niꞌilmuꞌan. He is unable to speak, he has been affected by some magical power. Gram: AO-2

ilu₁   locative. There, by the person spoken to. . Na ilu koꞌ ilū angiskul araiꞌ si Binitiyung inān. So that's probably Binitiyung there going off to school. Mailuhin dīna. Leave him to himself. Gram: Ilu contrasts with iluu, which marks definiteness or shared knowledge on the discourse level, combined with its locative sense, link: itū.

ilu₂   v. AStat zero. About to arrive.

ilud-ilud   v. AState aN-. To make the noise of a cow or bull; to moo. synonyms: ngngong.

iluꞌ₁   1 • adj. a-. Wasted or shrivelled, of a body or body part. Si Ammuꞌ inān ailuꞌ tanganna, bay ahūg pareyoꞌ. Ammu' there has a withered arm, he had a fall. Gram: a-

2 • v. AStat aN-. To waste away; to shrivel. Angiluꞌ si Arung, halam aniyaꞌ boheꞌ duruꞌ inaꞌna. Arung is wasting away, her mother has no milk.

iluꞌ₂   1 • n. An orphan, involving the loss of one parent or both.

2 • adj. a-. Orphaned. Gram: a-

iluꞌ-logtas   n. An orphan both of whose parents have died. Iluꞌ-logtas kita bang amatay mmaꞌta maka inaꞌta. We are orphans when our father and mother have both died.

iluꞌun   Variant: ilu. v. ASite zero. About to arrive at the speaker's location. Iluꞌun na lansa. The launch is almost here. Ilu na disi Jiyani. Jiyani and others will be here shortly. .

ilū   disc. part. That (by hearer) already mentioned or mutually understood. link: itū.

imam   n. The leader of a Muslim religious congregation, assisted by hatib and bilal. Bang aku angungsuran sarakka siyaliku, pasampayku ni imam. When I give alms on behalf of my younger brother, I hand it over to the imam. cf.: bilal, hatib.

iman₁   1 • n. Endurance; patience; the exercise of faith towards God. Jari pahogot sīga ma iman, saliꞌ pasogsog ni Tuhan. So they became firm in faith, committing themselves to God. Category: Endurance.

2 • v. AO-2. To exercise faith or patient endurance. Tuhan dakayuꞌ-dakayuꞌ ya pangimananta. God alone is the object of our trust. Minsan alandos goyak, nā, amūng kita, ꞌꞌSubay imananta.ꞌꞌ Even though the sea is very rough we say, "We must endure it." Gram: AO-2 link: sandal₂.

iman₂   adj. a-. Content with one's situation. Aiman, aheka altaꞌna, mbal angamuꞌ ni pagkahi. He is content, he has plenty of money, doesn't ask anything of his fellows. Gram: a-

imangkan   v. AO-1. To have knowledge or experience of something.

imba-imba   v. AStat pag-. To talk about doing something right away. Magimba-imba sigām amoleꞌ. They are talking about going home. Category: Discuss. Gram: AStat. pag- cf.: bamba.

imbaw   n. An edible clam. Imbaw itū paloblob ma deyom pisak. Imbaw clams burrow into the mud. Category: Shellfish. fam. Tellinidae.

imbun-imbun   n. The hair whorl on the crown of the head. Imbun-imbunta ma diyataꞌ kōk. Bang duwa yukta agagga. The crown of the head. If there are two of them we say the person is uncooperative. Category: Head. linkset: pusal₂, ibud.

imbū   v. AO-2. To be jealous of something, as of someone's affections, someone else's possessions. Badjuꞌna ya pangimbūhanku. It is his shirt I am jealous of. Angimbū bang dꞌnda, boꞌ hꞌllana araran palꞌngngan ni dꞌnda dakayuꞌ. A woman is jealous when her husband frequently visits another woman. Pangimbū ya makapakagit hꞌlla. It is jealousy that makes a husband angry. Gram: AO-2 link: ihid.

impasal   conj. Concerning; with regard to. Functions as a formal paragraph introducer. . Impasal si Linda, bang kinawin makaluwas na bay sinokatnu īꞌ lumaꞌ ahāp. Concerning Linda, when she gets married the bridegift you specified will appear, one fine house. . link: pasal₂; cf.: takbil₁.

imut   v. AO-1. To pick up something that has been discarded. Niꞌimut heꞌ si Indil bang aniyaꞌ lꞌbbi kinakan. If there are scraps of food about Indil scavenges them up. Gram: AO-1 link: puwaꞌ; cf.: bāk₂.

imuꞌ   adj. a-. Sweet-tasting. . Gram: a- synonyms: mamis₁.

imuꞌ-imuꞌ   v. AO-2. To provoke someone to envy or discomfort by flaunting some possession. Subay aniyaꞌ binowa heꞌ ondeꞌ-ondeꞌ ai-aina, ati ondeꞌ-ondeꞌ dakayuꞌ inān halam amowa ai-ai. Ya hēꞌ niꞌimuꞌ-imuꞌan, saliꞌ pinakaiyaꞌ. One child has to bring his things, and the other child hasn't brought anything. He is made to feel envious, sort of shamed. Gram: AO-2

inay   1 • adj. a-. Happening in some way. Only with a negative. Daꞌa ka tināw. Mbal du ainay. Don't be afraid. Nothing (bad) will happen. Gram: Only in negative constructions with this affixation. link: ai.

2 • v. AO-1. To do in what way? Niꞌinay daing itu? Nilandang-landang? How is this fish to be done (prepared)? By frying? Gram: AO-1 cf.: buwattingga.

3 • v. AStat pa-. To happen in what way; to be in what state? Painay itu? Mbal aku makaniꞌiskul; aheka hinang. What's to be done? I can't attend school, there is much work to do. Minsan painay, mbal kauliꞌan. No matter what is done, he can't be cured. Daka painay kulaet itu. Mbal palangkat. Goodness knows what to do with this pressure lantern. It won't come apart. Gram: AStat. pa-

4 • v. AStat -um-. To happen, esp. as a question as to the cause of some observable situation. Uminay ka magkabuwattilu? What happened to get you in that state? Gram: AStat. -um-

inay-inay   v. AO-1. To do something to someone or something, usually with a negative. Halam bay inay-inayku. Angay aku subay tinunaꞌan? I didn't do a thing to it. Why blame me? Gram: AO-1

inaꞌ   n. Mother. cf.: mmaꞌ; synonyms: nggoꞌ, saꞌi₂.

inaꞌan₁   disc. part. That yonder.

inaꞌan₂   adj. That yonder, remote from speaker and hearer. link: itū.

inaꞌān   1 • locative. That yonder, already referred to or understood by speaker and hearer. Paglūd kami ni pelang inaꞌan, bay na niruwaꞌ pꞌttung inaꞌan ni pelang heꞌ si Mmaꞌ. When we had gone downhill to the canoe there, that bamboo was loaded onto the canoe by Dad. Mainaꞌan paꞌin kami aniyaꞌ taꞌndaꞌ kami būd pꞌttung. While we were there we saw a mountain covered with bamboo.

2 • auxiliary particle. Indicates that the the state or action described has begun and is still current, though viewed as remote from the speaker. Inaꞌan amatay si Anu. So-and-so has died already.

inaꞌ-bakiꞌ   n. A species of catfish. Category: Saltwater fish. link: taoteꞌ; synonyms: nggoꞌan-bakiꞌ.

inān   Variant: inaʔan. disc. part. That yonder, already mentioned or mutually understood. Aheka tinda ma lungsud inān. There are many shops in that city (referred to). Note: This is an unmarked locative signifying that the associated referent is already understood in the context, i.e. in contrast to the marked locative ina'an. It is similar to the discourse function of 'the' in English. link: itū.

indaginis   n. Things of all kinds or in great variety. linkset: babarapa, indalupa.

indalupa   adj. zero. Various, manifold. (Usually in combination with ginis.) Balatu indalupa ginis. Cakes of all kinds. Gram: zero cf.: ginis; link: indaginis.

indam   v. AOC-2. To borrow something from someone. Buwat aniyaꞌ angindam gaugariꞌ ni kaꞌa, boꞌ halam nindeꞌan. Yuk bay mangindam īꞌ, “Kalu mbal nientom.” Like when someone borrows a file from you but doesn't return it. The person who borrowed says, "Maybe it won't be remembered." Gram: AOS-2 link: utang.

indan   1 • n. Something that marks a location, as a landmark, a survey benchmark, a boundary fence, a navigational reference point.

2 • v. AO-2. To mark the position of something, either by placing a physical marker or by noting reference points. Gram: AO-2

indangan₁   n. The surgeonfish, achilles tang. Category: Saltwater fish. Acantharus bleekeri.

indangan₂   n. An edible species of long-spined sea urchin. Category: Echinoderms.

inday   v. AOC-2. To claim lack of knowledge in response to a question. Restricted to first person pronouns as Subject. Indayku kaꞌa. I don't know what you ask. Gram: Occurs only in Object focus, with first pronoun as Actor, and questioner as Object. synonyms: sittaꞌa; cf.: halahuwalam.

indika   n. A dispensation or arbitrary desire, as of God or some powerful person. Bang saliꞌ kita angusaha yukta, “Ō Tuhan, buwanin kita daing.” Yukna, “Angagad ka pangindikahanku, tininduk atawa mbal.” Subay ka angagad indikana. When we are out fishing for example, we say, "O God, give us fish." He says, "Wait for my dispensation, whether your bait will be taken or not." You have wait for his pleasure. cf.: kahandak.

inig   1 • adj. a-. Shiny, of a surface.

2 • v. AStat aN-. To reflect light, of a shiny surface.

Injil   Variant: kitab inʤil. n. The Christian gospel (the story of Jesus); the New Testament of the Bible. link: Jabul.

insa-allah   expr. If God wills.

insap   v. AStat pa-. To be watchful, as to avoid danger. Bang aniyaꞌ bantanu painsap ka ko daꞌa tinipu. If you have enemies be careful so that they don't ambush you. Gram: AStat. pa- link: halliꞌ₂.

insāꞌ   v. AStat aN-. To learn a lesson from. Bang kita kaut boꞌ saliꞌ kakaꞌatan ai-ai bay bowata, yukna ma lumaꞌ, “Anginsāꞌ ka mꞌnnilu. Beyaꞌ-beyaꞌun panduꞌku.” When we go out to sea and everything we brought is destroyed, those who stayed home say, "Learn from that. Follow my teaching." Gram: AStat. aN- link: bintāng.

inses   n. An inch, the unit of length. Dainses paꞌin. Just an inch.

insiniꞌ   adv. of time. Period of time just passed; just now. Ya itu bay sinulat eꞌna insiniꞌ kohap. This is what he wrote earlier this afternoon. cf.: sīꞌ, subu-sīꞌ.

intan   n. Precious or semi-precious stones; a diamond. link: palmata.

intaꞌ   v. AO-1. To eat uncooked or unripe food without any supplementary starch, especially of raw fish, raw unripe banana, and strand food. . Gram: AO-1 link: kakan₁.

intib   adj. sama-. Level with the brim. Ahangkaꞌ, saliꞌ apꞌnnoꞌ pabūd, buwat ambung inān isihan samaintib ni bowaꞌna. Overfilled, filled and piled up, like that basket, its contents level with the opening. Gram: sama- linkset: ongkop, ongpod.

intul   (See paintul).

inubusan   v. AA pag-. To be in the relationship formed by marriage between two brothers of one family and two sisters of another. Gram: AA pag- cf.: tumbuk-sꞌngkol.

inu-inu₁   1 • adj. a-. Surprised. linkset: hailan, himattaꞌ, jaip, littā.

2 • v. AO-3. To be astonished at something not seen or heard before. Kalittāhan aku, saliꞌ ai-ai yampa taꞌndata, minsan lapal yampa takale. Kainu-inuhan toꞌongan. I am astonished, like something I have only just seen, even a message only just heard. Really amazed. Gram: a-

inu-inu₂   n. A dark-skinned variety of cassava which must be grated and the toxic juice expressed before cooking. . Category: Cassava.

inum   1 • v. AO-1. To drink something. Sinohoꞌ aku amainum sigā lagiꞌ tambal ma deyom dambulan maka tongaꞌ. I was told to keep giving them medicine to drink for one and a half months. Gram: AO-1 linkset: ggok, tꞌggok, tunghab.

2 • v. AStat aN-. To have a small meal before starting work, often just a drink of coffee or water. . Gram: AStat. aN-

inut₁   1 • adj. a-. Occurring in small amounts, as water coming from a faucet in drips. Gram: a- comp.: kꞌmmit.

2 • v. AO-1. To use in small amounts; to eke out a limited supply. Gram: AO-1

inut-inut₂   adv. In small amounts; gradually.

inyaya   v. AO-1. To maltreat someone by seizing their possessions or depriving them of their livelihood. . Gram: AO-1

inꞌmbal   v. AO-1 pag-. To refuse or say no to something. . Gram: AStat. pag- cf.: marīꞌ.

inꞌngngong   v. AStat. pag-. To make the noise of a cow or bull; to moo.

ingan   v. AO-2. To call someone.

ingat   n. Religious knowledge. Mbal pangaral kita dayata, saguwāꞌ ya pangaral kita ingat. It is not wealth that is our fortune, it is spiritual knowledge. Category: Esoteric knowledge. link: ilmuꞌ; cf.: taꞌu₂.

ingat-kapandayan   n. Knowledge and skill.

ingkahi   1 • n. A border of lace or crochet-work. Buwat bistiru si Lamda taga-ingkahi lꞌngngonna. Ya lagiꞌna bang buwat saga badjuꞌ samda. Like Lamda's blouse it has lace on its sleeves. Even more so with samda type blouses. cf.: bingkay, bulda.

2 • v. AO-2. To decorate something with lace, as the border of sleeves, the hem of a dress. Gram: AO-2

ingkug   n. The cucumber squash. Category: Vines, creepers. Cucumis melo. cf.: maras.

ingga₁   interrog. Which one? . Ya ingga lumaꞌnu. Which house is yours? Maingga lumaꞌbi. Where is your house? link: ai.

ingga₂   adv. Indicates a future time or event which something will take place. . Ingga na salung. Wait until tomorrow.

ingga sasuku   n. Anyone no matter who or what. Ingga sasuku saga aꞌa abꞌttong subay pinandi. All pregnant women, no matter who, should be bathed.

ingga-ingga   n. Anything whatever. Ingga-ingga ya kabayaꞌannu, kaꞌa ya pinagbayaꞌ. Whichever you like, you're the one to decide.

inggat   v. AStat aN-. To sparkle; flash, as something polished, as jewelry. Anginggat la, buwat garul ma inaꞌ si Botoꞌan. Bahaꞌu ya, na luwa bulawan, pinagbaseꞌ maka tahik agtūy anumbaga. Just gleaming, like the brass container that Boto'an's mother has. When new it looked like gold, after being wetted with seawater it promply became coppery. Gram: AStat. aN- pag- cf.: illap.

inggatan   n. A species of trevally, the banded cavalla. Category: Saltwater fish. fam. Carangidae.

inggay   interrogative. Was it not the case that? Inggay yukku ma kaꞌa abilaꞌ du? Didn't I say to you that it would split?

ingglis   n. The English language. synonyms: anggalis.

ingsud   v. ASite pa-. To move a short distance; shift position a little. Paingsud ka min paningkōꞌannu ilū. Daꞌa ka isāb alaꞌan. Move a bit from where you are sitting. Don't go away either. Gram: ASite pa- link: higin.

ingu   v. AO-2. To lay in wait for someone in order to harm. Bang kita bay magbonoꞌ, ati yukta magkahāp na kita. Manjari tinauꞌ ma deyom atayna ko pinapatay. Niꞌinguan aku. When we have been fighting, and we say that we are reconciled. Then it is kept in mind (lit. kept inside his liver) in order to kill. We are waylaid. . Gram: AO-2 link: tipu.

ipal   n. The relationship between ego and his wife's sibling or cousin; or between ego's spouse and his own sibling or cousin. . cf.: bilas.

ipang-ipang   n. The female attendants of a woman of royal blood.

ipat   v. AO-1. To take care of something; to be in charge of something. Ya si Julu itū aꞌa magipat binangsa hayop kamemon, binangsa basiꞌ kamemon. This Julu was a minder of all animals and all metal things. Category: Look after. Gram: AO-1 link: ussap, ayad.

ipatan   n. A person in one's care, esp. someone who helps with housework. link: ata.

ipil   n. A species of tree. Category: Trees, shrubs. Intsia bijuga..

ipis   adj. a-. Seriously short of some resource. Aipis aku ma sukay, saliꞌ kakulangan aku. I have insufficent for the fare, I am sort of in want. Kabus ba sidda. Amabꞌlli kami bang kaipisan. We have nothing left. We sell stuff when we run out of some essential. . Gram: a- link: kabus.

ipit   1 • n. A sickness, probably yaws, symptomised by widespread skin eruptions. . Category: Disease. link: gulandiꞌ.

2 • adj. -in-. Affected by widespread skin eruptions. Gram: ni-

ipul   1 • n. Leprosy; various other supposedly incurable diseases of the skin. Category: Disease. link: upāng.

2 • adj. -in-. Suffering from leprosy. Gram: AO-1

iram   v. AStat aN-. To conceive, viewed as a period from the time of conception until about four months later, when the woman is considered to be pregnant. . Aubus bay angiram si Anna abꞌttong na, sōng anganak. When Anna has finished conceiving she is pregnant and will soon give birth. . Gram: AStat. aN- linkset: bukaꞌ-puhuꞌ, himatiꞌ, lahaꞌ₃, helo; cf.: ondeꞌ.

iram-kalitan   n. The conception phase marked by mood swings and irritability (lit. shark conception). Iram-kalitan, buwat dꞌnda magbonoꞌ maka hꞌllana bang ma lumaꞌ, angentom bang makalikut. Shark conception, like a woman who fights with her husband when he is home and misses him when he is absent.

iram-sapiꞌ   n. The conception phase marked by energy and good health.

iras   n. The relationship between people whose spouses are siblings or cousins. . synonyms: bilas.

iring   1 • n. A partner in some activity. Bay aku angigal dibuhiꞌ, aniyaꞌ iringku. Subul sali-saliꞌ. I danced last night, had a partner. Both of us single males. link: sibuꞌ, limbang.

2 • v. AA pag-. To match each other. Magiring-iring heya sigā. Their size continues to be the same. Gram: AA pag-

iris   v. AO-2. To gain custody of one's child by paying compensation, when that child has been awarded by a magistrate to the other party of a marriage terminated by divorce. Buwat si Jahura taga anak dꞌnda, ati bayaꞌ sigā dangan-duwa magtiman. Ondeꞌ inãn niꞌirisan heꞌ man kalꞌllahan. Limampūꞌ pilak pangiris. Like Jahura who had a daughter, and the two of them (husband and wife) agreed to divorce. The man's family gained custody of the child. Fifty pesos was the compensation. Gram: AO-2 cf.: lupit.

irup   v. AO-1. To take notice of advice or something overheard. Bang aniyaꞌ bissala alaꞌat daꞌa kam angirup. When there is bad language don't take any notice. Gram: AO-1

Isa   n. Jesus, the Jewish religious teacher whose life, death and resurrection as recorded by the Evangelists are the basis of the Christian faith, and who is recognized by Islam as an important prophet.

Isa Almasi   n. Jesus Christ; Jesus the Messiah.

isab   1 • v. AO-2. To repeat an action. Mikiꞌisab boꞌ palabay na. Asking for a repeat but {the moment} has passed already. Gram: AO-2 cf.: balik.

2 • v. AStat pa-. To occur again as before, as a recurring sickness. Gram: AStat. pa-

isay   n. A person with the same name. cf.: saingan, ōn₁, danglay.

isāb   adv. 1 • In the same way; also. Aku isãb amoleꞌ salung. I too will go home tomorrow.

2 • As a matter of fact, often implying a contradiction of the hearer's assumptions. Heꞌ angay, aheka isāb taꞌndaꞌku. That's not so, I definitely saw a lot.

isbat   v. AO-1. 1 • To carry a task through to conclusion, with the connotation of keeping it in mind. . Bang pelang nilꞌbbos boꞌ halam niluhu heꞌ kami, yuknu, “Halam isbatnu.” If a canoe is launched but we didn't singe it, you say, "You didn't keep it mind." . Gram: AO-1

2 • To keep one's commitment to God. link: ammal₁.

iskopeta   n. A weapon or toy which uses compressed air to fire a slug; an airgun.

iskul   Variant: School; especially a school of the government system.eskwela. 1 • n. School, especially a school of the government system. cf.: madrasa.

2 • v. AStat aN-. To attend school. Na ilu koꞌ ilū angiskul araiꞌ si Binitiyung inān. So that's probably Binitiyung there going off to school. Gram: AStat.aN-

iskut   adj. a-. Tight-fisted, stingy. Aiskut bang pangamuꞌan ai-ai. Aꞌllog iya ma ai-aina, mbal amuwan. Tight-fisted when asked for anything. He is careful of his things, won't give anything away. Gram: a- linkset: kuriput, kudkud, kaikit₂, kussil, kigit.

isi₁   n. 1 • Contents; the fleshy part of an animal, fish, bird, or vegetable. Aniyaꞌ na daing, taga-isi dakayuꞌ. There are some fish, and one has flesh on it.

2 • The essential quality of something. Isi sigām du. Of the same species. .

isi₂   v. ASite pa-. 1 • To enter a container. Gram: ASite pa- link: sōd₁.

2 • To place something in a container. Bang billa saging boꞌ atahak, niꞌisi ni laiꞌ. When bananas are boiled and cooked, they are put onto a plate. cf.: akay.

isi empon   n. Gums.

isi lling   n. The meaning of a word. Taꞌāꞌ isi lling, ya maꞌanana. Got the essence of the word, its meaning. cf.: hati₁, maꞌana.

isi-kulabutan   v. AStat aN-. To form lumps in the muscle tissue of leg or arm. Category: Symptom.

isi-isi   v. AO-2. To put something into someone's mind. Sai bay makaisi-isian kaꞌa lling buwattēꞌ? Who put words like that in your mind?

Islam   1 • n. Submission to God; the religion of the Muslim as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad and recorded in the Holy Koran.

2 • v. AO-1. To mark the formal entry of a boy at puberty into the community of Islam, by circumcision (usually super-incision). Gram: AO-1 cf.: sunnat.

ismagol   1 • v. AO-1. To obtain by smuggling. Gram: AO-1 cf.: bisnis.

2 • v. AStat pag-. To engage in smuggling. Amꞌlli aku lansa boꞌ aku magismagol pehēꞌ ni Sandakan atawa ni Bolneo. I will buy a launch so that I can engage in smuggling from Sandakan or (elsewhere in) Borneo. Gram: AStat. pag-

Isnin   n. Monday. Category: Day. link: Ahad.

ispada   n. A bayonet or western style sword. cf.: sangkoꞌ.

ispāy   Variant: ispia. 1 • n. A spy. cf.: mata-mata₃.

2 • v. AStat aN-. To maintain a watch on someone; to be involved in espionage. Category: Watch. Gram: AO-2

ispidbut   n. A western style boat capable of considerable speed. Category:  Sea-going vessels.

ispital   n. A hospital. Arapun ma tongod mma'ku, wa'i iya pina'admit ma ispital llaw itu ma Zambo. Oh and about my father, he was admitted to the hospital in Zamboanga today.

ispiya   Note: QU or ispay or both v. AStat aN-. To keep a watch on; to be involved in espionage.

ispowen   Variant: espoen. n. A heavy cloth used for sails. Amꞌlli aku ispowen nihinang lamak. I'll buy some heavy cloth to make a sail. Category: Fabric.

issa   num. (clitic). One, used in a counting sequence. Issa, duwa, tꞌllu... One, two, three... cf.: ssa₁, sa.

istadi   v. AO-1. To study a lesson, esp. of material provided by the secular school system. Gram: AO-1 link: adjiꞌ.

istinjaꞌ   1 • n. Ritual washing after defecation, urination, or sexual intercourse. link: puppuꞌ.

2 • v. AStat pag-. To carry out cleansing from physical defilement in preparation for prayer.

istori   1 • n. A story. link: kissa.

2 • v. AO-1. To tell a story; to relate an event. Bang taistori, saliꞌ kamemon aꞌa tatangis. If it was told most everybody would be moved to tears. Gram: AO-1

istrōk   v. AStat aN-. To be infatuated with someone. Bang angalinig pantalunta kinabayaꞌan kita heꞌ budjang, angistrōk kita. When our trousers are shiny young women desire us, and we are infatuated with each other. Gram: AO-2 link: bayaꞌ-bayaꞌ₂.

istung   n. A fault in games of motor skill, as tripping while jumping rope.

isun   1 • v. AO-1. To involve someone in a discussion; to inform someone of the results of a discussion; to give an explanation. Gram: AO-1

2 • v. AO-2 pag-. To talk things over; to take counsel together. Bang saliꞌ kaꞌa ilū kinawinan, subay magisun mattoꞌanu du maka karꞌndahan. Subay maggaraꞌ dahū. If you are getting married, your parents and those from the girl's family must agree on plans. They need to discuss things first. . Magisun saga aꞌa inān amapatay aku. Those people are plotting to kill me. Kaꞌa ya pinagisunan. You are one being talked about. Category: Discuss. Gram: AA pag- linkset: bissala, garaꞌ, suli-suli, bantu, bilmaꞌarup, miting.

itaw-itaw   v. AStat aN-. To flash, as something shiny catching the sunlight, as water sparkling. Sai bahāꞌ dapu lumaꞌ angitaw-ngitaw ma bihing langit īꞌ, ma dilaut īꞌ? Who is the owner of the house that sparkles there on the horizon, out at sea? . Gram: AStat. aN- link: pillaw-pillaw.

itikad   1 • n. The characteristic habit of thought; conscience. Daitikad. Of one mind (in religious conviction). Abontol itikadku tudju ni Tuhan. My conscience is clear before God.

2 • v. AStat pag-. To have the mind directed towards God. . Ai-ai pinabeyaꞌan kita, magitikad sadja kita ni Tuhan. Whatever is sent to us we will continue to keep our minds on God. Kami itū magitikad tunggal. We here have God alone in our minds. Gram: AStat. pag-

iting   1 • n. A spine, a thorn. linkset: leget, tuklang, tunuk.

2 • v. ASite aN-. To stand up from the skin, as hair on the arms may do when horrified or frightened. .

iting bahibū   itiŋ bahibuu v. AStat aN-. To experience an intense negative emotion such as terror.

itiyaꞌ   Variant: atiaʔ; itu. v. ASite zero. Existential verb of location. . Mbal giꞌ kami ni iskul, itiyaꞌ giꞌ kami maglampasuꞌ. We aren't going to school yet, we're still here polishing the floor. A: “Maꞌai laring?” B: “Atiyaꞌ.” A: "Where is my knife?" B: "Here it is." cf.: aniyaꞌ, mbal.

itlan   n. Tar; pitch (the substance).

itu₁   adj. This here, close to the speaker in space or time. Hinangku na llaw itu. I will make it this day (today). Patꞌnnaꞌun maitu. Place it here. Gram: itu contrasts with itū, which marks definiteness or shared knowledge on the discourse level while still retaining something of its locative force.

itu₂   v. ASite zero. Existential verb of location.

itu-ini   n. This and that. synonyms: itu-itū.

itu-itū   n. This and that. synonyms: itu-ini.

itung   v. AO-1. To count things. Angitung aku min ssa. I am counting from one. Gram: AO-1 linkset: bista₁, jumla, kalkula, saipuwa, kira.

itungan   n. The number counted. Pila itunganna. How much was the count?

itū   disc. part. This already referred to or understood by hearer. Nijagjag lumaꞌ itū, nirarut sampay hāg, apa iluꞌun mundu. This house referred to will be dismantled, even the posts pulled out, because there are bandits on the way. Gram: itu contrasts with itū, which marks definiteness or shared knowledge on the discourse level while still retaining something of its locative force. linkset: ilu₁, inaꞌan₂, hēꞌ₁, ilū, inān.

iya   pron. He, she, it, him, her. Third person singular pronoun, Set III. Occurs as focused Object, with a preposition or as an emphatic pronoun. Daipara asaꞌut tongaꞌ bahangi bowaku iya ni ispital ati saga tꞌllu pituꞌ kami mainaꞌan. Fortunately I took her promptly, late at night, to the hospital and we were three weeks there. link: aku₁.

iyampa   conj. Now for the first time. .

iyan   v. AO-1. To say something of no special significance. Minsan niꞌiyan. Regardless. Gram: AO-1

iyas   1 • n. A tiny maggot, believed to be the maggot of the ordinary blowfly at a very small stage. link: kalog.

2 • adj. -in-. To be infested which tiny maggots. Daing niꞌiyas, song niulat. Fish infested with tiny maggots, about to be flyblown.

iyaꞌ   adj. a-. Ashamed; embarrassed. Halam gandum kabuwanan kami. Alahi kami, aiyaꞌ. We weren't given any corn. We ran off, ashamed. Amūng na ya matoꞌaku, yukna, “Ai kaiyaꞌannu? Asal du,” yukna, “hꞌndanu.” My father-in-law spoke up, "What are you embarrassed about. She is in fact," he said, "your wife." Gram: a- linkset: biyas, hinaꞌ, maruꞌ, pakiꞌ, tamparasa.

iyaꞌ-iyaꞌ   adj. maka-. Shameful; embarrassing. Gram: maka-

iyā   pron. He; she; it. 1st person singular pronoun, Set I. Occurs as topic or focused Subject. link: akū.

iyuk