1.
verbal prefix indicating focused doer (actor focus) in the active voice.
The doer can be animate or inanimate. The prefix nga- is a manifestation of the morphophoneme N- and is prefixed to stems beginning with h , l , m , n , or y . See the verbal affix section of the "Grammar Notes".
2.
verbal prefix for nonfocused doer of the action in certain constructions of the agentive voice.
Here, nga- plus verb, is preceded by agentive marker eh , or by eh plus either a clitic pronoun or a noun. [Agentive is marked by the grammar notation eh, ni- .] in applicable entries. This
nga- is a manifestation of the morphophoneme N- , and, in agentive, indicates past action.
3.
verbal prefix for a reflexive doer.
Here, nga- is attached to a verb stem and indicates actor focus. But the usual actor focus change expected for the verb in the example
below would be N- deriving mattah from battah . But since the actor is also the object the actor doing the action of placing himself, the verb stem remains as it would
for object focus, but adds an actor focus prefix, namely, nga- .
Si Amin ngabattaan aku ningkoh.
Amin is seating himself opposite to me.
4.
verbal prefix which derives intransitive verbs from adjectives or nouns.
This is a manifestation of the morphophoneme N- . These derived intransitives are often translated as "to become" and the verb. A few stative verbs also seem to be derived
from adjectives or nouns by N- .
All of my clothes are becoming loose.
The road becomes slippery when [it] rains.