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hi1
A variant -h is suffixed to a word ending in a vowel.
1
A personal noun determiner.
Immuy hi Aligūyun hinan tāmuna.
Aligūyun went to his work.
A phrase introduced by hi1 is distributed as follows: 1) As a sentence introducer.
Hi inan Būgan ya immuy ad Manīla an muntāmu.
As for Būgan's mother, she went to Manila to work.
2) As a sentence comment.
Hi Habbēleng di inali' hi umāli.
The one whom I said will come is Habbēleng.
3) As a sentence topic.
Inyabban Immāya hi Huti.
Immāya carried Huti on (her) back.
4) With a coordinating conjunction, ya, preceding, as a conjunctive phrase.
Immuy han duwan binabāi ya hi Hiddum goh.
The two women went and also Hiddum.
See sections 7.3.3 and 7.25.1.
2
A demonstrative determiner marking a following demonstrative pronoun de, dugwoy, that; ne, nugwoy, that, that near; te, tugwoy, this.
Hi- is prefixed to dugwoy, nugwoy, and tugwoy: hidugwoy, hinugwoy, hitugwoy. A variant he- is prefixed to de, ne and te: hede, hene, hete. A phrase introduced by hi- is distributed as described above, for phrases introduced by the personal determiner.
Hete, ya inlā'u' hi lūbungna.
As for this, I bought it for his clothing.
Heten babāi inali' hi umāli.
The one whom I said would come is this woman.
Immuy nuntapeng hinguwoy an lalā'i.
That man went to build a stone wall.
Immuy di duwah binabāi ya hitugwoy an ung'ungnga goh.
The two women went and also this child.
See sections 7.3.1.1 and 7.25.1.
3
A, the person or thing involved in an action.
Nan kinnāhu ya umat hi tāgu.
As for the stick person, it is like a person.
This referent determiner is followed by a noun, noun phrase, nan and a noun or noun phrase or demonstrative adjective phrase introduced by din 2 or tun 2. 1) Followed by a common noun, hi1 3 is translated `a' or, especially with a plural or mass noun, is not translated.
Iyal'algawdan uminum hi līpog.
They spend the day drinking rice beer.
2) A noun or noun phrase preceded by nan. Nan identifies a definite referent.
Indat Imbūek nan bolog hinan pi'yibbāna.
Imbūek gave the mudfish to her companion.
3) Followed by a demonstrative adjective phrase, hi1 3 is not translated. The demonstrative adjective identifies a definite referent.
Hi Limāngan di nangibatāwel hitun pāguy.
Limāngan is the one who carried this rice.
Nan mangīli tu'uy mangihdah din bolog an dempapmu.
Our visitors are the ones who will eat that mudfish you caught.
A phrase introduced by hi1 3, a referent phrase, is distributed as follows: 1) It expands a verb or verb phrase. The resulting verb phrase occurs either as a sentence comment or substantive phrase following a determiner. As a sentence comment:
Inanupan Wīgan hi lāman.
Wīgan chase-hunted a wild pig.
2) A referent phrase expands an existential phrase:
Mi'id tigo' hi tāgu.
I see nothing with reference to a person, (i.e., I see no person).
Waday naloh hi ata'nang an tāgu.
There was someone who passed by with reference to a tall person, (i.e., there was a tall person who passed by).
For a description of concord among ligatures and determiners, including hi1 3, see ah. See sections 7.3.1.1, 7.12 and 7.25.1.
The one, the thing involved in an action or state.
A pronoun determiner is followed either by a verb phrase or existential phrase.
Ummāla' hi ibolha'.
I will get the things which I will pocket.
Mi'id am'amungut hi wah inalāhan.
There is nothing at all (with reference to) the things which are in the forest.
See sec. 7.8.1.
4a
At, in, on, with an object, person or place.
Indicates the location of an object or person, the direction from which or to which an action moves or the place in which an action occurs. It may be followed by 1) A hamlet noun, see sec. 7.3.5.
Da Habbēleng ya muntāmudah Babluy.
As for Habbēleng and others, they work in Babluy.
Preceding a village noun. This noun is marked by a determiner ad1.
Tungnin hi ad Bagyu.
It is cold in Baguio.
2) A common noun or noun phrase.
Nolo'dad Kinnākin hi dolan da Bumallātung.
They slept in Kinakin in the place of Bumallātung and family.
3) A locative-inflected verb or verb phrase.
Nahdomandah nuntamūanda.
They were overtaken by darkness in the place they were working.
4) A substantive phrase preceded by nan. Nan identifies a definite locative.
Iponagmu nan inhapna' hinan payaw Anannāyu.
Put down the rice seedlings in the pond field of Anannāyu.
5) A demonstrative adjective phrase introduced by din 2 or tun 2. The demonstrative adjective identifies a definite locative.
Mi'id al'alih tun babluy tu'u.
It is peaceful here in our village.
A phrase introduced by the location determiner hi1 4a is distributed as follows: 1) It expands a verb or verb phrase.
Ad a''u ya nanāyawdah +dolan +Dulīmay.
Last night they danced at the house of Dulīmay.
A verb or verb phrase so expanded occurs either as a sentence comment as illustrated above, or as a substantive phrase preceded by a determiner.
Hay binabāi di nanāyaw hi dolan Dulīmay ad a''u.
It was women who danced at the house of Dulīmay last night.
2) It expands a noun or noun phrase.
Nan linalā'i hi dolan Magga' ya tumūngogda.
As for the men in Gummalaw's house, they are noisy.
3) It follows a place noun, time noun or verb, locative substantive phrase or a demonstrative locative, hidi there far, hina there near, hitu here. Following a place:
Umūya' hi Hīgib hi lūbu' Ama.
I will go to Higib to Father's grave.
Following a locative substantive phrase:
Immudan hi nuntapenganda hi Pannal.
It rained at the place they were building a stone wall at Pannal.
Following a demonstrative locative:
Atatā'ot hidi hi Tappīa' ti dolan di pinādeng.
It is frightening there far at Tappīa' because it is the home of place spirits.
A variant -h occurs when a preceding word ends in a vowel.
Immuy hi Īnah tāmuna.
Mother went to her work.
A variant hinan (or -h nan) occurs followed by a common noun or a locative-inflected verb, sometimes indicating a definite person or object.
Mumboto' da Būgan hinan payawda.
Būgan and others are harvesting in their field.
Immudan hinan numbot'anda.
It rained in the place where they were harvesting.
For a description of concord among ligatures and determiners, including hi1 4a, see ah. See sec. 7.3.5, 7.13.1, 7.25.1.
4b
At, in, during a given time; often untranslated in English.
Indicates an action or state located in time. It may be followed by: 1) A time noun.
Umuyda manganup hi helhelong.
They will go to hunt during very early morning.
Mamāhang da Limāngan hi ad ugwan.
Limāngan and others will perform a major blessing ritual today.
2) A time verb.
Umēet nan immuy nunggābut hi mowod.
Those who went to weed will come home when it will be early evening.
3) A verb inflected for time.
Immēet nan binabāih immudanāna.
The women went home when it rained.
4) A time word or phrase preceded by nan. Nan identifies a definite or specific time.
Nundogoh hi Malumay hinan numbogayanda.
Malumay became sick during the time that they were transplanting (rice seedlings).
5) A demonstrative adjective phrase introduced by din 1 or tun 1. A demonstrative adjective identifies a definite or specific time.
Munhināangday tatāguh tun immuy an tawon ti waday batel.
The people were hungry this past year because there was a famine.
A phrase introduced by the time determiner hi1 is distributed as follows. 1) It is a sentence comment.
Hi mowod di umēetanda.
It will be early evening when they come home.
In this position hi1 is optional or it may be substituted for hay. 2) It is a verb or verb phrase expansion.
Munggābut nan binabāi hi mā'et hinan +ūmada.
The women will weed tomorrow in their upland fields.
3) It follows a phrase introduced either by a locative or time determiner.
Umuyda manganup hinan inalāhan hi we'wēet.
They will go to hunt in the forest in the very early morning.
4) With a coordinating conjunction, ya, preceding, as a conjunctive phrase.
Umuda'udan ad ugwan ya hi mā'et nin goh.
It will continually rain today and perhaps also tomorrow.
For a description of concord among ligatures and determiners, including hi1 4b, see ah. See sections 7.3.6 and 7.25.1.
There; to stay there within view; to leave someone or something there within view.
There near the hearer; there unspecified location; to stay in a given location; to leave someone or something behind.
Here; to live in a house; to stay here near the speaker; to leave someone, something here near speaker.
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