Language Name goes here

1

Lung air, used in blowing onto something as a fire.

2

For someone (agent -um-; s agent maN-) to blow onto something (loc ref -an) with lung air.

manapud

Hapūdam nan apuy ta madop.

Blow onto the fire so it will be extinguished.

-an: hapūdan

yupyup puyuh 2

3a

A breathy prayer said by a ritualist, mumbā'i, to a spirit or spirit class, as described under 3b.

Umannung nan hapud Innāwan ti umadāog di munha'it.

Innāwan's breathy prayer is true because pain is cured.

3b

For someone (agent muɴ-; s agent maN-) to say a breathy prayer (theme) to a spirit or class of spirits (loc ref -an), either to divine the cause of a problem, or to pray for its relief.

manapud

Hapūdan: note irregular length placement.

Hapūdam ni' han liblibāyan hi putu' ti ten adi ahan di dogohna.

Please say a breathy prayer to the liblibāyan spirit about my stomach because you see its pain is unbearable.

Communication with spirits is by a breathy prayer. Spirits and spirit classes prayed to include abuniyan, bagāwah, dumatong, liblibāyan and matūngul spirits, place spirits, pinādeng, and spirits of the dead, lennāwa. Information sought may involve divining the spirit causing a sickness and what the spirit requires to have the sickness removed; whether warriors will win in battle; the identity of someone who stole something or put a curse on someone, and the like. Questions are worded for a `yes' response which, when given by the spirit, is indicated by the supplicant yawning. Supplication is also addressed to a spirit to cure a sickness or to aid in the resolution of a problem. Indication that the supplication has been favorably heard is also by a yawn; see 3d. Failure to yawn constitutes a `no' answer.

ha''ad 2 puyuh 1

3c

For someone (agent muɴ-; s agent maN-) to divine the identity of a sickness, or a person or spirit (loc ref -an) afflicting someone with a problem, as the identity of a spirit that has caused a sickness, has hidden someone or something, a person who has put a curse on something or someone, has stolen from someone, etc.

manapud

Hapūdan: unexpected length on second vowel.

Munhapud'a Dukkal hi immāmaw hinan imbaluy Bukkāhan ti munha'it di putūna.

Dukkal, you divine the identity of the one (i.e., the dead relative) who inflicted the son of Bukkāhan with sickness, because he has a stomach ache.

puyuh 2

3d

For a spirit or class of spirits (actor -um-) to answer a breathy prayer by causing the supplicant to yawn, uwab.

Information for which a `yes' answer is sought is described under 3b.

4

For a ritualist, or a person about to die (agent muɴ-) to pronounce a blessing with the use of a sacrificial offering or blessing aid (inst i-).

Pangihapūdan: referent is one blessed; occurs as the head of a substantive phrase.

During a major-blessing ritual, pāhang, pieces of butchered pig, are placed on a dish after having been cooked as a meat offering. Usually during the ma'āyiw, hagawhaw or opah rituals singed chickens are used, though pigs are also sometimes used for the latter two rituals. The meat offering is held by one or two ritualists and an appeal by all the assembled ritualists is made to the spirits called during the ritual to smell the aroma of the offering and bless the one for whom the ritual is being performed as well as his or her family, flocks and fields. During harvest-blessing rituals, tānig 1, chicken feathers smeared with blood are used to bless rice-sheaf bundling cord, boto' an alīnaw. That same morning, panicles of rice smeared with blood are used to bless rice being harvested along with the harvesters and family whose field is being harvested, see description under honga 2b. A dried spirit-offering, ūhib 1, is singed and used to pronounce a blessing on a sick person, ūhib 2. A person about to die uses a final benediction aid, hinangānga, to bless his or her offspring, see description under yabyab2 1.

honga 1 yabyab2 1c