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‘religion’ to chant.
In this type of repetitive chanting the head moves from side to side as male chanters utter the Islamic names for God. This
chanting may be done with or without the use of prayer beads. On the side to side motion, it is not a turning motion, but
rather like the pendulum of a clock. That is, the head "dips" so that the right ear goes towards the right shoulder, and then
the head moves to the other side, the left ear dipping towards the left shoulder. The chin is relatively stable.
Who were the ones already chanting?