Signals that an action or state verb this affix inflects has a location reference role relationship to a substantive.
Patalan nan potang di helong at mapatal.
The sun's rays will shine on the darkness and so it will be bright and beautiful.
Without tense inflection, the verb inflected with this affix is non past. The past tense form is -iɴ-an. -iɴ- occurs immediately following the first consonant of a stem with -an suffixed to the stem. For the realization of ɴ, see Introduction 6.1. Changes in pronunciation occur when the suffix -an or -on are followed by genitive/possessive pronouns. The combined forms are:
| Genitive/Possessive Pronoun |
Form when pronoun follows -an |
Form when pronoun follows -on
|
| -'u |
-a' |
-o' |
| -mu |
-am |
-om |
| -na |
-ana |
-ona |
Examples:
| gābut |
+ |
-an |
+ |
-'u |
= |
gabūta'
|
| hāgab |
+ |
-an |
+ |
-mu |
= |
hagābam
|
| padan |
+ |
-an |
+ |
-na |
= |
padanāna
|
| pahon |
+ |
-on |
+ |
'u |
= |
pahono'
|
| tapa' |
+ |
-on |
+ |
-mu |
= |
tapā'om
|
| yadyad |
+ |
-on |
+ |
-na |
= |
yadyādona |
-an 1 occurs as the only role affix inflecting a verb or with various other affixes, the latter indicating secondary roles. Verb phrases with a verb inflected only by -an or -iɴ-an occur as a sentence comment, head of a substantive phrase or head of a modifying phrase. In combination with other role affixes, -an or -iɴ-an inflects verbs which are constituents of verb phrases occurring only as the head of substantive phrases or modifying phrases. For a listing of affix combinations with -an, see under paN- and sec. 7.8.1.3 and 7.17.4 for descriptions of this affix.
Location reference means that a substantive is an area or point of reference for the movement of another substantive, a theme; see description under i-1. The direction of motion is indicated by the verb semantics. It may be towards a location, to a position near it, beside it, touching it, around it, over it, under it, into it, mixed with it, through it, parallel to it, crosswise to it, away from it, etc. A substantive with this relationship to a verb may be a person, part of a person, an animate or inanimate object or metaphorically a non physical concept considered analogically as an object.