Signals that an action verb it inflects has an actor or sometimes an agent role relationship to a substantive.
Umuy amid Bannāwol an mi'malgādu.
We (ex) will go to Banaue to join in attending market.
See sections 7.15.1.1 and 7.15.2. When the infix -um- occurs alone, without an accompanying tense affix, non-past action is indicated.
Umudan nin hi mā'et.
Perhaps it will rain tomorrow.
An affix -iɴ- occurs with -um- to indicate past action. The form -inum- occurs preceding a consonant: ubun + -inum- = inumbun `sat down.' This situation occurs when an initial stem vowel is dropped. Pohod + -inum- = pinumhod `became good'. -inum- consists of -iɴ- followed by -um-. Preceding a vowel, the past-tense form -imm- occurs: udan + -imm- = immudan `rained'; tāyap + -imm- = timmāyap `flew'. -imm- consists of -iɴ- followed by -m-. -m- is a variant of -um- which occurs when preceded by -iɴ- and followed by a vowel. The affix -um- occurs in three major environments. 1) It is the only role affix to inflect the verb. A verb inflected with the infix -um- occurs as a) The head of a substantive phrase or modifying phrase. The substantive phrase denotes an actor, or sometimes an agent of the verb action.
Hi Aligūyun di humapit hinan pummitīngan tu'u.
The one who will talk when we have our meeting is Aligūyun.
b) The head of a sentence comment. The sentence topic expressed or implied is the actor or sometimes agent of the verb action.
Humāpit hi Aligūyun hinan pummitīngan tu'u.
Aligūyun will talk when we have our meeting.
2) This affix occurs in combination with the role affix i-: umi-, umiy-, immi-, immiy-. The affix -um- indicates that a substantive has an actor relationship or sometimes an agent relationship to the verb. This is the primary relationship. The substantive which occurs as actor or agent, however, also has either an instrument or theme relationship to the verb indicated by i-. Substantive with actor and instrument relationship to the verb:
Immiyānud nan wangwang hi galut.
The river carried debris downstream.
Substantive with actor and theme relationship to the verb:
Umihibul nan danum di dotag hi hinamal.
The juice of the meat will moisten cooked rice.
3) -um- also occurs with a location reference, place or time suffix -an. In this affix combination, -an signals a primary relationship of place or time between a substantive and verb. -um- signals a substantive occurring as a verb-phrase genitive with an actor or sometimes agent relationship to the verb. See -an 2 for a listing of this and other affix combinations. See also sections 7.5.1 and 7.8.1.
The semantic range of kinds of participants designated actor is extensive. The following are typical: 1) Performs a simple act without the participation of another role participant such as theme, patient, instrument.
Gimmu'ma nan lūbu' Wīgan hi Hīgib.
Wīgan's tomb in Hīgib caved in.
Adi dumīlag heten lilin.
This candle does not produce light.
Common is a part of the body as actor.
Adi dumālan di hu'i' ti na''ablāya'.
My feet can't walk because I am extremely tired.
Typical actions are of body motion.
Timmagtag hi Hiddum ti nalādaw.
Hiddum ran because he was late.
Mid aton Bumallātung an humālug.
Bumallātung doesn't know how to swim.
A non-human actor is typically an unexpressed natural phenomenon such as rain, udan, lightening, īlat, earthquake, alyog.
Immidul ad a''u.
(It) thundered last night.
2) Develops into a particular condition.
Timmaba nan bābuy'u ti impaphod'un panganon.
My pig became fat because I fed it well.
This action is typically a natural event of growth, development.
Henen nogod hi ngamay Benwag ya immabbuut ti agguy na'agāhan.
As for that wound on Benwag's hand, it became swollen because it was not medicined.
Nā'uy an bumalāhang hi Uwek.
Uwek is beginning to develop into a young lady.
3) Acts with someone or something, a theme, or on someone or something, a patient, in a casual, unintentional or surreptitious way.
Bimmahol hi Wīgan.
Wīgan acted carelessly (or mistakenly or in an unacceptable way).
Immuy immākaw han adi dumngol hinan manu'.
The disobedient person went to steal a chicken.
Pinumnuh Daplah hinan payawna.
Daplah (accidentally) filled his field (perhaps with dirt by causing a landslide).
Commonly the actor does not act completely on the patient or acts on an unknown or unidentified patient.
Himmīgid hi Īnah nan galut.
Mother swept up some (of the) dirt.
Umapuy'ah nan āyiw.
Burn some (of the) wood.
4) A non-human role participant acting on someone or something, a patient. The actor might be any living being, as an animal, or an inanimate object, as a stone, acting with or without human initiation.
Uman nan do''oh nan pāguymi.
Rats are eating our rice.
Adi uman nan lagādih āyiw.
The saw will (can) not saw wood.
For a discussion of semantic contrast between -um- and puɴ-, see puɴ-1 1.