Signals that an action verb this affix inflects has an agent or sometimes an actor role relationship to a substantive, usually indicating an event rather than a specific action.
See sections 7.15.1.1 and 7.15.2. The upper-case N is used in this dictionary to signal a fusion of two consonants. When the final nasal of the prefix paN- and the initial consonant of a stem come together, a single nasal consonant, either m, n or ng results. The rules are as follows: 1) N and a following consonant, either b or p, are together realized as a single nasal m. Example: maN- + bāha = mamāha. 2) N and a following consonant, either h or t, are together realized as a single nasal n. 3) N and a following consonant, either k, g or glottal stop, are together realized as a single nasal ng. In this dictionary, glottal stop is not written word initial; therefore when paN- is symbolized before a written stem-initial vowel, ng results. Example: maN- + anup = manganup. The nasal N does not occur preceding the consonants l, m, n, ng, w or y. The affix puɴ- inflects verb stems beginning with these consonants and, for these verbs, there is no contrast signalled between verbs inflected by paN- and those inflected by puɴ-, as there is for other verbs. This prefix occurs without other role affixes as the only affix, in combination with a theme or instrument affix i-, a locative or time suffix -an 2 or with -on to signal a causative dimension. 1) Occurring without other role affixes. Affix forms in combination with non-past tense prefix m-/past tense prefix n-: maN-/naN-. A verb phrase with a verb inflected with one of these affixes occurs either as a sentence comment, head of a substantive phrase or head of a modifying phrase.
Nangan nan binabāi ya unda nalubu.
The women ate before they went to work.
2) In combination with i-1. This latter affix indicates a secondary role relationship between a substantive and the verb of either instrument or theme. Affix forms in combination with non-past/past affixes: mangi-/nangi-. A verb phrase with a verb inflected with one of these affixes occurs either as a substantive phrase or head of a modifying phrase. It does not occur as a sentence comment.
Nalādaw din nangiyuy hinan ginā'un Gem'oh.
The one who took the belongings of Gem'oh was late.
This affix combination sometimes indicates a dual role relationship between a single substantive and verb. In the following example, maN- indicates an actor role and i- indicates a theme role.
Goh nin di mangilaba?
Who do you suppose is passing along the upper terrace wall?
3) Occurring with a suffix -an. The prefix paN- indicates a secondary role relationship of either agent or actor; -an 1 indicates a primary relationship of a location reference; -an 2 of place or time. Affix forms in combination with non-past/past affixes: paN-an/naN-an. A verb phrase with a verb inflected for one of these affixes occurs only as the head of a substantive phrase or head of a modifying phrase, see -an 2 for description. 4) Occurring with suffix -on, to indicate a causative dimension. For a description, see entry paN-on. 5) In combination with both i-1 and -an. Affixes paN- and i-1 indicate secondary role relationships between substantives and the verb and -an indicates a primary role relationship of either location reference, place or time. Affix forms in combination with non-past/past affixes: pangi-an/nangi-an. A verb phrase with a verb inflected with one of these affix combinations occurs either as a substantive phrase or head of a modifying phrase. It does not occur as a sentence comment. See chart, sec. 7.8.1. 6) In combination with causative prefix ipa- and role suffix -an. PaN- and ipa- indicate secondary role relationships between substantives and the verb; -an indicates a primary relationship of either location reference, place or time. Affix forms in combination with non-past/past affixes: pangipa-an/nangipa-an. A verb phrase with a verb inflected with one of these affix combinations occurs either as a substantive phrase or head of a modifying phrase. It does not occur as a sentence comment. 7) In combination with causative prefix ipa-, role prefix i-1, and role suffix -an. PaN-, ipa- and i-1 indicate secondary role relationships between substantives and the verb; -an indicates a primary relationship of either location reference, place or time. Affix forms in combination with non-past/past affixes: pangipi-an/nangipi-an. A verb phrase with a verb inflected with one of these affix combinations occurs either as a substantive phrase or head of a modifying phrase. It does not occur as a sentence comment. See sec. 7.5.1.
Typically, this affix indicates an agent and sometimes an actor engaged in a general, often complex event.
Mangūbol hi Dakkāwi.
Dakkāwi will catch catfish with a catfish basket trap.
Usually a sentence with a verb inflected with this affix expresses only an agent or actor role; i.e., no other role occurs within the sentence.
Mangahāwah Imbūek.
Imbūek will get married.
Although an agent with this affix is involved with the event described by the verb, the agent is not necessarily involved with specific actions to execute the parts of the event.
Mangudol hi Gem'oh.
Gem'oh will sponsor rice harvesting activities.
For a discussion of the contrast between the semantic range of this affix and puɴ-, see puɴ-1 1.