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da
1
-da.
They.
For a description of the expansion of a topic pronoun, and distribution of a topic pronoun or pronoun phrase, see ami.
Immēetdan numbatāwel ti nowod.
They who pole-center-carried (loads) went home because it was early evening.
See sec. 7.4.1.
They, their, of theirs.
-da or any genitive pronoun is a non-focused agent or actor of the action of a verb. It is distributed as follows: a) It precedes the verb, immediately following words such as adi, will not; agguy, did not; umuy, go; un, just.
Adīda hubuton di tāgud ugwan ti nipāwa.
They do not buy people as slaves now because it is prevented.
Hay umuyda anāpon ya nan pihhun natīla'.
What they will go to find is the money that was lost.
b) It immediately follows the verb.
Inyuyda han nundogoh ad Bannāwol.
They took the sick person to Banaue.
If the topic is a pronoun, a genitive pronoun does not occur. Instead a full pronoun agent or actor occurs following the topic pronoun as a referent pronoun, (see ay4 1a and da'mi).
Inānap da'yun dida.
You (pl) were looked for by them.
See sec. 7.4.1.
Their, of theirs.
A possessive pronoun follows a noun.
Maphod heden baluyda.
That house of theirs is nice.
See sec. 7.4.1.
2
And another or others; indicates two or more people, of whom a designated personal noun is one; pluralizes a demonstrative pronoun.
Da Dulīmay di immuy nanganup ad ugga.
Dulīmay and others were the ones who went hunting yesterday.
Hay immuy nanālop ya daten linalā'i.
As for the ones who went to catch fish with a dam (in the river) it is these men.
da precedes a personal noun or a demonstrative adjective or pronoun de, ne or te. Preceding a personal noun: see example above; preceding a demonstrative adjective:
Inlā'un Ubban daden ubi.
Ubban sold those chicken baskets.
Preceding a demonstrative pronoun:
Nolo' date.
These ones are asleep.
A phrase introduced by da 2 is distributed as follows: 1) As a sentence introducer.
Da Dulīmay ya immuyda manganup.
As for Dulīmay and others, they went to hunt.
2) As a sentence comment.
Bo'on da inan Būgan di inali' hi umāli.
The ones whom I said would come were not Būgan's mother and others.
3) As a sentence topic.
Inah'ūpanda da w̱mah inalāhan.
They came upon Father and others in the forest.
4) With a genitive ligature suffix -n preceding, as a genitive phrase: either a possessive phrase, or a non-focused actor or agent of a verb phrase.
Dāyay hul'ud da Bukkāhan.
There are the spears of Bukkāhan and others.
Inyālin da apun Hiddum tun bābuy hi dolāyu.
Hiddum's grandfather and others brought this pig to your house.
5) With a personal referent determiner, ay4 1a, or a personal locative determiner ay4 1b preceding, as a referent or locative phrase.
Nan ung'ungungngan linalā'i, ya diday nanaplat ay da Uwek.
As for the boys, they are the ones who whipped Uwek and others.
Indat Innāwan den būngan da Būgan.
Innāwan gave that fruit to Būgan and others.
6) With a coordinating conjunction ya preceding, as a conjunctive phrase.
Nanāyaw hi Dul'im ya da inam.
Dul'im and your mother with others danced.
See sec. 7.3.3, 7.25.1.
Those; those ones.
Those objects or people near the speaker; those ones near.
These objects or people near the speaker; these near ones.
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