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ay4
An optional variant -n is suffixed to a preceding word ending in a vowel.
1a
Marks a personal noun, possessed personal noun or a full pronoun, ha''in `me', etc., in a referent or place relationship to a verb or verb phrase.
Role participants in an action such as theme, patient or location reference, when not occurring as topic of a sentence, may occur as referents. Theme as referent:
Mabī'ah nan linalā'in nangiyattang ay Hiddum.
The men who pole-end carried Hiddum (suspended in a hammock) are strong.
Patient as referent:
Hi Bumallātung di nanaplat ay ha''in.
Bumallātung is the one who slapped me.
See sections 7.3.3 and 7.25.1.
1b
At, from, to, with a named person, as Būgan, Wīgan, Īna `mother', apun Hiddum `Hiddum's grandson', or a full pronoun ha''in `me', etc.
A personal locative determiner, ay4, is followed by: 1) The name of a person.
Innalna nan uwah ay Bāyaw.
She got the knife from Bāyaw.
2) A possessed personal noun.
Ni'tāmun Pūo' ay amāna.
Pūo' joined in working with his father;
3) A full pronoun, ha''in `me', he''a `you', etc.
Idatmu nan bālat ay dida.
Give the bananas to them.
ay4 is optionally followed by da (see da 2) to pluralize a following personal noun or possessed personal noun.
Indat Oltāgon nan bunga ay da Bumallātung.
Oltāgon gave the fruit to Bumallātung and others.
This personal locative determiner marks a personal noun, possessed personal noun or pronoun as 1) The location of an object or person.
Henen indatmun libnu, ya wādan Ama.
As for that book which you gave, it is with father;
2) The location from which or to which someone or something moves.
Nakak amin dida.
We departed from them.
Timmagtag nan ung'ungnga an immuy ay ināna.
The child ran going to her mother;
3) The location to which someone or something joins an action or state.
Ne'yolo' da Benwag ay da'mi ad a''u.
Benwag and others joined in sleeping with us last night.
Ni'tāyawa' ay apun Rōsa.
I joined in dancing with Rosa's grandmother.
A personal locative phrase, introduced by ay4 is distributed as follows: 1) It functions as a place margin of a verb phrase.
Hi Immāyag di immuy ay Hiddum an mangibagah pihhu.
It was Immāyag who went to Hiddum asking for money.
Immuy hi Babluy ay Amāna.
He went to Babluy to his father.
Ala' nin di pihhu' hi mā'et ay Benwag.
I will get my money perhaps tomorrow from Benwag;
2) It functions as a place margin of an adjective phrase.
Tungnin ay he''ah nalo'am ad a''u ti agguy nitangob din pantaw.
(It) was cold where you were sleeping last night because that door was not closed.
See sections 7.13.1 and 7.25.1
2a
Marks a demonstrative adjective or pronoun de 1, ne 1, te 1, in a referent relationship with a verb or verb phrase.
A variant e- is prefixed to de, ne and te: ede, ene and ete.
Hi Indūyuh di nangngot eten ginga.
Indūyuh is the one who wrapped these edible aquatic invertebrates.
Preceding variant forms of a demonstrative adjective or pronoun, dugwoy, nugwoy or tugwoy, or a plural demonstrative adjective or pronoun, dade, dane, date, dadugwoy, danugwoy or datugwoy, ay occurs.
Ihamadyun maneggop ay daten mun'adyōga.
Carefully imitate these who are singing a traditional song.
Mabī'ah nan nangiyattang ay dugwoy an nundogoh.
Those who pole-end carried that sick person (suspended in a hammock) are strong.
A demonstrative referent determiner ay4 is followed by: 1) A demonstrative adjective or pronoun, de, ne or te, as illustrated above; 2) A plural demonstrative adjective or pronoun, dade, dane, date, or variants dadugwoy, danugwoy or datugwoy, as illustrated above.
For a description of role participants occurring as referents, see ay4 1a. See sections 7.12 and 7.25.1.
2b
At, from, in, to, with that far, that near, or this object, person or place.
with
A variant e- occurs as described for ay4 2a above. A demonstrative locative determiner ay4 is followed by a demonstrative adjective or pronoun de, ne, te (or variants dugwoy, nugwoy, tugwoy) or a plural demonstrative adjective or pronoun, dade, dane, date, (or variants dadugwoy, danugwoy, datugwoy).
Ni'yuy hi Hutin daden immuy numbogay.
Huti joined in going with those who went to transplant rice seedlings.
Immuy nunggābut nan binabāin den +ūma.
The women went to weed in that upland field.
Ay4 identifies a demonstrative adjective phrase or a demonstrative pronoun as: 1) A specified location or the location of an object or person.
Henen indatmun libnu ya wādan den babāi.
As for that book which I gave, it is with that woman.
2) The location from which or to which someone or something moves.
Nakak amin dugwoy an baluy.
We departed from that house.
Timmagtag nan ung'ungngan immuy enen +ūma.
The child ran to that upland field;
3) The location to which someone or something joins an action or state.
Ne'yelo' da Benwag ay date.
Benwag and others joined in sleeping with these ones.
See sections 7.13.1 and 7.25.1
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